How to deal with the change of the default datatype layout to @layout comb ?

See Why did the default datatype layout change to @layout comb ? for background about this change.

Easy way out

To take the easy way out, set the LIGO_LEGACY_LAYOUT_TREE environment variable:

export LIGO_LEGACY_LAYOUT_TREE=

This will cause LIGO to undo the change, letting @layout tree remain the default.

This is only a temporary solution, intended to let people easily migrate to LIGO 1.0, which should be considered already deprecated as it will eventually be removed.

What's the problem?

If you do not take the easy way out, it's important to understand the problem.

In theory, it is possible that after upgrading to LIGO 1.0, your contracts could compile successfully, your ligo run test could pass, and even "integration" tests (e.g. using a sandbox or test Mavryk network) could pass, yet after deployment you might still find that your contracts are catastrophically broken.

This can happen if your contracts need to interact with other contracts, which are either:

• already deployed on mainnet, or
• compiled using an older version of LIGO, or
• compiled using a non-LIGO compiler, or
• implementing some standardized interface

If the compiled interface types (parameter, view, ...) for these interactions change when you upgrade to LIGO 1.0, because you previously (implicitly) used @layout tree and now the types use @layout comb, this will break compatibility, and the interactions will fail.

For example, consider the following test, involving communication between two contracts over a parameter type foo:

type foo = {

foo : nat,

bar : int,

baz : string

}

namespace Foo {

@entry

const foo = (_: foo, s: unit) : [list<operation>, unit] => [[], s];

// dummy entrypoint to avoid bug with single entrypoint :(

@entry

const dummy = (_: unit, s: unit) : [list<operation>, unit] => [[], s];

};

namespace Bar {

@entry

const bar = (addr: address, s: unit) : [list<operation>, unit] => {

const arg : foo = {foo: 1n, bar: 2, baz: "three"};

const amt : mav = 0mv;

const dst : contract<foo> = Mavryk.get_entrypoint("%foo", addr);

const tx = Mavryk.transaction(arg, amt, dst);

return [[tx], s];

}

// dummy entrypoint to avoid bug with single entrypoint :(

@entry

const dummy = (_: unit, s: unit) : [list<operation>, unit] => [[], s];

};

const test_interaction = do{

const orig_foo = Test.originate(contract_of(Foo), unit, 0mv);

const foo_addr = Test.to_address (orig_foo.addr);

const orig_bar = Test.originate(contract_of(Bar), unit, 0mv);

Test.transfer_exn(orig_bar.addr, Bar(foo_addr), 0mv);

};

Note that this test will pass after upgrading to LIGO 1.0, because when running the test, both Foo and Bar use the comb layout for the parameter type foo. However, if there is already a Foo contract deployed on mainnet, e.g. compiled using an older LIGO version, then a newly compiled Bar contract will be unable to communicate with it, because the new foo type will be incompatible!

So, in order to test that your contracts still work correctly, you must either manually check that the interface types have changed, or test interactions with the actual contracts you will need to interact with.

In particular, if you are testing compatibility for interactions, you should NOT only test interactions against contracts compiled using LIGO 1.0, e.g. using ligo test, because those contracts will use the new layout too!

If, on the other hand, you will deploy a new set of contracts which only interact amongst themselves, then you have nothing to worry about. It is only interactions with pre-existing or standardized contracts that can cause trouble.

How to deal with compatibility problems?

If you have compatibility problems like this, and you don't take the easy way out with LIGO_LEGACY_LAYOUT_TREE, you might need to switch some types back to the tree layout.

Here are some examples of how to do that:

type tree_variant =

@layout("tree")

| ["Foo", nat]

| ["Bar", int]

| ["Baz", string];

type tree_record =

@layout("tree")

{

foo : int,

bar : int

};

// in JsLIGO, you must assign names to tuple types in order to put

// them back into tree layout, and then use these names at use sites instead

// of repeating the tuple type

type tree_tuple = @layout("tree") [nat, int, string];

Type errors from layouts

In some cases, you may get type errors due to mismatched type layouts.

Here is an example. Before LIGO 1.0, this code worked OK:

type record1 = {

foo : nat,

bar : int,

baz : string

}

type record2 = {

baz : string,

bar : int,

foo : nat

}

const id = (r: record1): record2 => r;

However, as of LIGO 1.0, this example gives a type error:

Invalid type(s)

Cannot unify "record1" with "record2" due to differing layouts "({ name: foo }, { name: bar }, { name: baz })" and "({ name: baz }, { name: bar }, { name: foo })"

The reason for this is that in the old tree layout, the fields were sorted alphabetically, but in the comb layout they are taken in the declared order.

You can fix this problem either by switching back to the tree layout (see the previous section) or by writing the fields in a consistent order.